The following resolution rule is used in logic programming. Derive clause $$\left( {P \vee Q} \right)$$ from clauses $$\left( {P \vee R} \right)$$, $$\left( {Q \vee \neg R} \right)$$.

Which of the following statements related to this rule is FALSE?

Let $$a, b, c, d$$ be propositions. Assume that the equivalences $$a \leftrightarrow \left( {b \vee \neg b} \right)$$ and $$b \leftrightarrow c$$ hold. Then the truth value of the formulae $$\left( {a\, \wedge \,b} \right) \to \left( {\left( {a \wedge c} \right) \vee d} \right)$$ is always

Which one of the following is false? Read $$ \wedge $$ as AND, $$ \vee $$ as OR, $$ \sim $$ as NOT, $$ \to $$ as one way implication and $$ \leftrightarrow $$ two way implication.

If the proposition $$\neg p \Rightarrow q$$ is true, then the truth value of the proposition $$\neg p \vee \left( {p \Rightarrow q} \right)$$ where $$'\neg '$$ is negation, $$' \vee '$$ is inclusive or and $$' \Rightarrow '$$ is implication, is