Consider the weights and values of items listed below. Note that there is only one unit of each item.

Item number	Weight (in Kgs)	Value (in Rupees)
1	10	60
2	7	28
3	4	20
4	2	24

The task is to pick a subset of these items such that their total weight is no more than $$11$$ $$Kgs$$ and their total value is maximized. Moreover, no item may be split. The total value of items picked by an optimal algorithm is denoted by $$V$$_opt. A greedy algorithm sorts the items by their value-to-weight ratios in descending order and packs them greedily, starting from the first item in the ordered list. The total value of items picked by the greedy algorithm is denoted by $$V$$_greedy.

The value of $$V$$_opt $$−$$ $$V$$_greedy is ____________.

$$G = (V,E)$$ is an undirected simple graph in which each edge has a distinct weight, and e is a particular edge of G. Which of the following statements about the minimum spanning trees $$(MSTs)$$ of $$G$$ is/are TRUE?

$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,{\rm I}.\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ If $$e$$ is the lightest edge of some cycle in $$G,$$ then every $$MST$$ of $$G$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$includes $$e$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,{\rm I}{\rm I}.\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ If $$e$$ is the heaviest edge of some cycle in $$G,$$ then every $$MST$$ of $$G$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$excludes $$e$$

Consider the weighted undirected graph with $$4$$ vertices, where the weight of edge $$\left\{ {i,j} \right\}$$ is given by the entry $${W_{ij}}$$ in the matrix $$W.$$ $$$W = \left[ {\matrix{ 0 & 2 & 8 & 5 \cr 2 & 0 & 5 & 8 \cr 8 & 5 & 0 & X \cr 5 & 8 & X & 0 \cr } } \right]$$$

The largest possible integer value of $$x,$$ for which at least one shortest path between some pair of vertices will contain the edge with weight $$x$$ is _________________.

A Young tableau is a $$2D$$ array of integers increasing from left to right and from top to bottom. Any unfilled entries are marked with $$\infty ,$$ and hence there cannot be any entry to the right of, or below a $$\infty .$$ The following Young tableau consists of unique entries.

1	2	5	14
3	4	6	23
10	12	18	25
31	∞	∞	∞

When an element is removed from a Young tableau, other elements should be moved into its place so that the resulting table is still a Young tableau (unfilled entries may be filled in with a $$\infty $$). The minimum number of entries (other than $$1$$) to be shifted, to remove $$1$$ from the given Young tableau is ______________.