An alpha nucleus of energy $${1 \over 2}$$ mv² bombards a heavy nuclear target of charge Ze. Then the distance of closest approach for the alpha nucleus will be proportional to

The number of beta particles emitted by a radioactive substance is twice the number of alpha particles emitted by it. The resulting daughter is an

The ionization energy of the electron in the hydrogen atom in its ground state is 13.6 eV. The atoms are excited to higher energy levels to emit radiations of 6 wavelengths, Maximum wavelength of emitted radiation corresponds to the transition between

In a Rutherford scattering experiment when a projectile of charge z₁ and mass M₁ approaches a target nucleus of charge z₂ and mass M₂, the distance of closest approach is r₀. The energy of the projectile is