Consider a channel over which either symbol x_A or symbol x_B is transmitted. Let the output of the channel Y be the input to a maximum likelihood (ML) detector at the receiver. The conditional probability density functions for y given x_A and x_B are :

$${f_{\left. Y \right|{x_A}}}(y) = {e^{ - (y + 1)}}u(y + 1)$$,

$${f_{\left. Y \right|{x_B}}}(y) = {e^{(y - 1)}}(1 - u(y - 1))$$,

where, u( . ) is the standard unit step function. The probability of symbol error for this system is _________ (rounded off to two decimal places).

In binary frequency shift keying (FSK), the given signal wave forms are
$$\,{u_o}(t) = 5\,\cos \,(20000\,\pi \,t);\,0 \le \,\,t\, \le \,T,$$ and
$${u_o}(t) = 5\,\cos \,(22000\,\pi \,t);\,0 \le \,\,t\, \le \,T,$$

where T is the bit-duration interval and t is in seconds. Both $${u_o}(t)$$ and $${u_1}(t)$$ are zero output the interval $$0 \le \,\,t\, \le \,T$$. With a matched filter (correlator ) based receiver, the smallest positive value of T (in milliseconds) required to have $${u_o}(t)$$ and $${u_1}(t)$$ uncorrelated is

The bit error probability of a memoryless binary symmetric channel is $${10^{ - 5}}$$. If $${10^{ - 5}}$$ bits are sent over this channel, then the probability that not more than one bit will be in error is ________________

An ideal band-pass channel 500Hz-2000 Hz is deployed for communication. A modem is designed to transmit bits at the rate of 4800 bits/s using 16-QAM. The roll-off factor of a pulse with a raised cosine spectrum that utilizes the entire frequency band is____________________