Prying forces are

In a steel plate with bolted connections, the rupture of the net section is a mode of failure under

Rivet value is defined as

Identify the most efficient butt joint (with double cover plates) for a plate in tension from the patterns (plan views) shown below, each comprising $$6$$ identical bolts with the same pitch and gauge.

Consider the built-up column made of two l-sections as shown in the figure, with each batten plate bolted to a component l-section of the column through 6 black bolts. Each connection of the batten plate with the component section is to be designed for a longitudinal shear of 70 kN and moment of $10 \mathrm{kN} . \mathrm{m}$. The minimum bolt value required (in kN ) is __________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).

A double cover butt riveted joint is used to connect two flat plates of 200 mm width and 14 mm thickness as show in the figure. There are twelve power driven rivets of 20 mm diameter at a pitch of 50 mm in both directions on either side of the plate. Two cover plates of 10 mm thickness are used. The capacity of the joint in tension considering bearing and shear ONLY, with permissible bearing and shear stresses as 300MPa respectively is

A 12 mm thick plate is connected to two 8 mm plates, on either side through a 16 mm diameter power driven field rivet as shown in the figure below. Assuming permissible shear stress as 90MPa and permissible bearing stress as 270 MPa in the rivet, the rivet value of the joint is